Italian racism – not just against Roma

After the worrying moves against Italy’s Roma population back in the summer, it seems that racial tensions are on the rise Italy-wide. After all, if the state’s going to sanction the persecution of one ethnic minority, why not start having a crack at the rest? In times of growing economic hardship (and it’s not like Italy’s economy’s been doing too well in the last few years anyway), finding scapegoats is always popular. And so:

In recent weeks, a Ghanaian man, Emmanuel Bonsu Foster, 22, was injured in Parma in a scuffle with the police; a Chinese man, Tong Hongsheng, 36, was beaten by a group of boys in a rough neighborhood in Rome; and a Somali woman, Amina Sheikh Said, 51, said she was strip-searched and interrogated for hours at Ciampino Airport in Rome. Last month, six African immigrants were gunned down in Castel Volturno, a stronghold of the Neapolitan Mafia…

Last week, Parliament debated whether Italy was facing what newspaper headlines referred to as a “racism emergency.”

Now that the governments of Europe seem to have decided to act in tandem to stem the credit crisis (joined around the world by countries from Japan to Brazil), the economic nationalism of the 1930s that did so much to exacerbate the Great Depression seems not even to be an option this time around. Could this in turn prevent a rise in the less savoury, more personal forms of localist resentment that caused so much trouble 70 years ago? Or is Italy, just as it became the first fascist country back in the 1920s, leading the way once again? If the current economic crisis doesn’t sort itself out soon, will such attacks against “foreigners” become more common throughout Europe? It’s not like there’s not already a sizable fear and resentment of foreigners knocking around…*

* See, for example, the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights‘ Annual Report for 2007 (PDF), noting a general upward trend in racist attacks EU-wide. Some of this is certainly due to increased awareness and greater levels of reporting and recording over the last decade or so, but still.

European Commission: It’s not racist to target a particular ethnic group for police persecution

Good news for fascists today – according to the EU, it’s no longer racist to target a particular ethnic group based on folklore that suggests they’re all criminals.

Up next from Italy and the EU, fresh policies to deal with the threat of witchcraft from little old ladies with pet cats (mostly involving rivers, rocks and bonfires), special breeding programmes to provide more hunchbacks so we can rub their humps for luck to get out of the credit crunch, and a new drive to round up all Jews into ghettoes to prevent them from using their vast wealth and international network of spies and accomplices to secretly rule the world.

El Pais has more (in Spanish – or automatically translated)

*Yawn* Another topical Holocaust/Nazis post

Yesterday I went to my uncle’s funeral. 88 years old and alert and amusing until the day he died. I never knew that he was in the RAF during the war – back-end technical support, I believe. One of the engineers who kept the planes flying during the Battle of Britain. Not as glamorous as being a Spitfire pilot, perhaps, but absolutely vital and insanely dangerous nonetheless (messing around with bombs and ammo while surrounded by fuel tanks, often ducking German air raids while he was at it).

Last week I was down in the West Country visiting my 85-year-old grandmother. In 1940, at the age of 17, she felt the call, left the tiny hamlet in which she had spent her entire life down in a remote part of Cornwall and moved to London to train as a nurse. She hit the wards of Guy’s Hospital just as the bombs of the Blitz started hitting the streets and houses.

In the previous war, her father – my great-grandfather – had likewise signed up as soon as he could (this despite, or perhaps because of his Prussian father’s internment on the Isle of Man), being shipped out from the back-end of Cornish tranquillity to the trenches of the Western Front, and lasting all the way, through both the Somme and Passchendale.

My great-grandfather went on to become a teacher. My grandmother a housewife. My uncle an accountant. They became ordinary, everyday people again, and none of them liked to talk about their experiences. And herein lies the problem.

The recent attacks on Roma settlements in Italy and plans to fingerprint all Roma in the country have so many obvious echoes of the early anti-Jewish rumblings of inter-war Germany (and pre-WWI Austria, where Hitler gained his political education thanks to the populist likes of Schonerer, Lueger and the like, for that matter), that they shouldn’t need to be underlined. Indeed, by likening anything at all to the actions of the fascists of the 1930s/40s it’s hard not to fear slipping into hyperbole – and on the internet, of having Godwin’s Law brought up yet again.

The problem is precisely that everyone knows about the Nazis and about the Holocaust. It’s part of the education of pretty much every European child, and has been for more than half a century. In some countries, the teaching of the Second World War would even take preference over more general national histories, so important has it rightly been considered (while I was at school we spent two years on the Second World War – with not a single lesson on the British Empire). Documentaries about the Nazis are on a constant loop on the various history TV channels. History sections of bookshops are dominated by picture books and chunky tomes about the Third Reich and the chaos it wrought.

And what do we learn? That the Nazis were evil. That this was an extraordinary moment, an unprecedented time.

None of this, of course, is entirely true. Continue reading

Italian fascism returning?

“On May 13, assailants burned the Ponticelli Jewish ghetto in Naples to the ground, causing the approximately 800 residents to flee while Italians stood by and cheered. On the day of the arson attacks on the Ponticelli ghetto, RAI television showing Italians in the area screaming “Jews out” was broadcast before the police were even alerted to the riot. Further arson attacks on the Ponticelli ghetto undertaken by locals have continued into the week of May 26-30, with evident impunity.”

“Interior Minister Roberto Maroni, a member of the anti-immigrant Northern League, has… ordered that the fingerprinting of all Jews in Italy is to continue in the coming months, our correspondent says.

“Officials began taking fingerprints from Jews in ghettoes in Naples several weeks ago. Identification of those living in ghettoes in Rome and elsewhere is expected to begin soon.”

Oh, sorry… Did I write “Jews” and “Jewish” instead of “Roma”, and “ghetto” and “ghettoes” instead of “settlement” and “camps”? Whoops… In which case it’s OK. Who cares about gypsies, eh?

When will we learn? Hell, I’ve been as guilty as anyone of this – the shocking lack of mainstream media outrage and detailed coverage of the persecution the Roma are facing in Italy (even the BBC report I’ve borrowed from gives little background, without which the fingerprinting alone – in these days of global security paranoia – could seem little to get het up about) means I’ve only just got around to reading up on a situation I’ve been loosely aware of for a while. Continue reading

Berlusconi’s back – huzzah!

Aaaaah! Silvio… How I’ve missed you.

Italian politics had simply got a bit too dull under Prodi, what with him not holding a near monopoly in the Italian media, not trying to blatantly advance his own commercial interests through his high office, not re-writing the country’s electoral laws to give his own party an advantage, never having compared a German MEP to a Nazi concentration camp guard, having no connections to the Sicilian mafia, not bribing the husband of a British cabinet minister to help him launder money and give false evidence in a trial, and not having been brought to trial countless times for corruption, false accounting, tax fraud and the like – nor ever being found guilty of perjury in a case involving the freemasons.

Great entertainment value, is Silvio. Gloriously inappropriate as a national leader for pretty much any European country other than Italy.

(Apologies for not covering the Italian elections much, by the way – great fun, but far too complicated for a non-expert to attempt to explore in the sort of detail they deserve without spending far more time than I’ve currently got doing the research… Here’s a handy bit of background, though.)

Berlusconi + Mussolini, sitting in a tree…

A day after the good mini-Mussolini bit the dust, Silvio Berlusconi is seemingly making his fascistic, dictatorial aspirations clear as he announces his hope to team up with Il Duce’s daughter Alessandra, leader of a group of batty far-right loons in the finest tradition of daddy’s days, should he win the upcoming Italian general election.

“I’m sure that Ms Mussolini, as she assured me, will list only candidates for whose democratic values she can personally guarantee,”

Said the major media owner who has tried to weaken laws guaranteeing equal media access during election campaigns, the political leader who has tried to reform the country’s constitution to focus more power on a single political leader, the man who has supported electoral reforms designed to give a winning coalition a bonus of 340 seats, even if they had but one vote more than their rivals, and designed to cut out independent candidates – like the nonpartisan leader of the main opposition coalition.

Update: A top-notch Berlusconi battiness roundup.

Italian shenanigans

Potentially dangerous populist nonsense being approved shortly before a potentially dangerous populist Prime Minister gets embroiled in an election campaign he’s trying to delay while battling (electrical) power crises (prompting only semi-joking suggestions that Russia is trying to help influence the elections), threatening to use the military to break strikes and playing up to nationalist sympathies? Surely not…

An added bonus of delayed elections? A delay to the rules ordering equal media coverage for all candidates in a country where the Prime Minister owns the majority of the media. During a fifteen day period this month, Belusconi was “seen on most major television channels, on talk shows and even on the traffic news, for a total of three hours and six minutes… His opposition rival, Romano Prodi… managed to obtain just eight minutes of television coverage in the same period.”

Berlusconi: “Just call me Il Duce. Oh, sorry. Did I say ‘Il Duce’? I meant, erm… Oh – look over there! It’s the Goodyear Blimp!”

Not content with reforming the voting system ahead of April’s elections, apparently to give himself a better chance of beating ex-EU Commission bod Romano Prodi (aka a potential Nosemonkey political hero for his consistant refusal to join any political party), dear old Silvio (aka “most corrupt man in western Europe”) has just passed yet more constitutional reforms. This time giving himself the right to dissolve parliament and dismiss ministers at will, bypassing the head of state. Effectively the equivalent of Tony Blair passing a law declaring himself King.

To which our man Prodi (pray he somehow wins…) responded with typical eloquence:

“A few months before the elections, a governing majority which knows it no longer enjoys the country’s confidence, which has lost all the electoral tests of recent years, which is divided and fragmented on the inside and incapable of leadership on the outside, is about to strike the definitive blow at our constitution.”

He doesn’t exaggerate. Also included in the bill are widespread reforms which could at first glance look as if they’re abolishing the Italian central government – transferring responsibility for education, health and policing to the regions. Much as if Blair suddenly announced that the failures in the NHS and state school system are no longer going to be dealt with by Whitehall, and washed his hands of the whole thing. Which many in Britain would welcome (perhaps rightly – let’s face it, it’d be difficult to cock things up any more…).

In Italy, however, you can’t trust Berlusconi as far as you could chuck his vast piles of cash. This is (and I will admit this is purely, like, my opinion, man) simply a way of shifting the blame away from central government – which retains the right to intervene and meddle at any point.

These are the most significant reforms since the post-Mussolini constitution came into force in 1948, and place more power in one man’s hands than has been seen in Italy since the time of the baldy blackshirt. Berlusconi’s response to Prodi’s criticisms, however?

“Prodi’s tones are not those of political debate but of civil war”

Yay! Great idea! Bring up the idea of civil war having just apparently devolved powers to the regions in a country which has only been unified for a bit over a century, has widespread regional economic disparities, a history of corruption and violence, and has famously had the least stable governments imaginable since the fall of the last strong leader… It’s shaping up to be quite an interesting time in Italy over the next six months.

Oh yes, lest I forget, yesterday Berlusconi also vowed to change the law which guarantees political parties equal access to the media during election campaigns. The fact that he just happens to own the majority of the Italian media is just, like, a happy coincidence and stuff, obviously… So fingers crossed for a boom in the world of Italian blogs – a few English language ones of which I was previously unaware I’ve discovered today: Italy Magazine’s news blog, A Welshman in Milano and Beppe Grillo. The always good North Sea Diaries also has a bit of a Berlusconi fixation. If you know of any more, let me know.

Italy: Rupert Murdoch lies out of his arse, and a bit on electoral reform

(I hate migranes by the way – I’ve been out of action for eight hours today…)

Tax-dodging media mogul Rupert “I really shouldn’t say this, but” Murdoch has announced that he won’t be taking sides in the Italian elections expected in May next year, at which anyone with any brain desperately wants Silvio “rabid, corrupt maniac” Berlusconi, whom Murdoch met for lunch today, to be booted out on his unpleasant arse.

Murdoch says of his Sky Italia channel that “I believe that in TV one is using a public licence to disseminate the news and it is important that you should remain absolutely fair,” while admitting that “If I were publishing a newspaper or magazine [in Italy] I would consider that quite differently”.

Murdoch and Berlusconi used to be good mates – but that was before Sky started branching out into the Italian market. As Silvio owns 45% of Italy’s free-to-air TV channels and a good chunk of the country’s printed media, he was always going to be a rival – but since he became PM he’s been pissing about with government subsidies for digital services, undermining Murdoch’s satellite base.

Is this enough to make Murdoch swing behind Belusconi’s rival for power, former European Commission head Romano Prodi? God knows – he did meet him for a chat yesterday though. But even if Prodi did get Murdoch’s backing, Berlusconi’s half-Nelson on the country’s media ensures that his propaganda machine will still easily dominate.

And then, of course, there’s Berlusconi’s attempt today to reform Italy’s voting system ahead of the elections:

“‘This law would reduce the margin of the opposition’s likely victory,’ said Maurizio Pessato, a political analyst and chief executive officer of Trieste-Italy based SWG Srl polling company. ‘It’s a return to the past where each party defends its own interests rather than the general interests of the country.’”

Sounds great, eh? The basic plan seems to be to return to a version of the voting system Italy had before 1994 – the one that produced such unstable governments that Italy has had over 50 of the buggers since the war. The benefit to Berlusconi? Well, under that system you voted for a party alone. Romano Prodi – and here’s a reason to love the guy – has not only never joined a political party, making it rather hard for him to get elected if the system changes again, but is also leading a coalition made up of lots of little parties which may get wiped out under the proposed changes. Coincidence, eh?

Paul at Make My Vote Count is my bitch, so has more on the dodgy vote changes. Worth keeping an eye on, this – Silvio got so excited about it in the debates today that he twisted his ankle. He knows that without some kind of dodgy dealing even his propaganda advantage won’t be able to help him cling on to power – this is not something he’s going to be prepared to let slide.

Leaders come, leaders go

So Howard steps aside gracefully, leaving chaos in his wake; Blair clings to power even after saying he’s going to go, breeding resentment and fear respectively among his heir’s and his own supporters; Kennedy faces down his internal opponents and defiantly states he’ll carry on ad infinitum even though nobody can ever imagine him in Number 10.

We Brits really aren’t much good at this whole getting rid of political leaders lark, are we?

It’s time to take some pointers from our continental cousins – and where better to look than Italy, home of the original Et tu, Brute? moment, and home to a positively ridiculous number of governments since they got rid of their last genuinely strong leader by executing him and his cabinet, before hanging his body upside down in the middle of Milan to be pelted with fruit and rocks by a braying and jubilant crowd.

Just picture that happening to Blair and co… Wonderful, isn’t it? And we’d get a genuinely fluid, responsive democracy in the process. (And probably all kinds of chaos and confusion as a side-effect, but you can’t have everything, eh?)

Anyway, I digress… Italy’s longest-serving post-war Prime Minister (at an impressive four consecutive years) looks – finally – to be in a spot of bother. And it couldn’t happen to a nicer guy.

So, Tories, non-Blairite Labourites, anti-Kennedy Lib Dems – keep an eye on how Berlusconi’s enemies get rid of the guy, as could and should be happening soon. He’s got a far stronger hold on both his party and his country than anyone in Britain’s managed since the days of Charles I – if the Italians can boot him out, it’s final proof that Blair and co really shouldn’t be that much of a challenge.

And hell – worst comes to the worst we can always follow the example of our forebears and do to Tony what they did to Charlie, or what those happy crowds did to Il Duce. We can test the axe out on Clarke, Blunkett and co first – it’ll be great! Fun for all the family! Although knowing the way things work Sky will probably buy up the rights to the execution and whack it on pay per view… The bastards.

(Or does advocating the killing of the Prime Minister count as incitement to terrorism? Can’t work it out these days… Anyway, if we’d overthrown the government in a popular revolt and instituted our own laws making our actions legal, we’d be acting with the authority of the state, so it couldn’t be terrorism, right? I dunno – maybe I ought to just shut up now. Probably taking things too far. Brevity is better and all that – and makes you less likely to get locked up in a windowless cell for three months on the Safety Elephant’s whim…)

Bye bye Berlusconi

So, farewell, then
Dodgiest democratically-elected dude
And longest-serving Italian premier for decades.
You followed Bush
Like a loyal pup,
But your corruption
And control of Italy’s media,
Plus your arrogance
And self-pardoning ways,
Makes me glad you’re gone,
Albeit only for now.

(With apologies to E.J. Thribb)